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- Title
Optimal operation of electric vehicle batteries in smart grids considering vehicle-to-grid technology.
- Authors
Qiang Zhao; Yinghua Han; Yanbo Xue
- Abstract
The large-scale deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) is anticipated in the foreseeable future. Heavy intermittent charging and discharging reduce battery capacity and lifetime because of the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology employed in smart grids. Thus, modeling battery operation and maintenance is key to assess the adoption of EVs. In this study, the V2G application framework and generalized process for determining battery operation were analyzed. An operation and maintenance model was studied under three battery working states (i.e., charging, discharging, and traveling) and one repairable failure state. The battery deteriorated over time and required corrective maintenance. For some given constraints, the long-run average cost was modeled and analyzed by increasing and decreasing geometric process. The analytical expression of the cost rate function was then derived based on the proposed operation and maintenance model. The corresponding optimal operation was also determined to minimize the long-run average cost. The battery in the proposed operation and maintenance model was replaced with a new and identical battery following the Nth failure. A numerical simulation system was presented to illustrate the optimized operation model and method. Extensive simlulation results, by using the proposed model and method, show significant performance improvements compared with conventional coordinated charging/discharging in smart grids. It can be applied in battery management system and solve the cost problems caused by EVs.
- Publication
DYNA - Ingeniería e Industria, 2016, Vol 91, Issue 3, p319
- ISSN
0012-7361
- Publication type
Academic Journal
- DOI
10.6036/7934