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- Title
Phytosterols decrease the secretion of atherogenic lipoproteins from HepG2 liver and Caco2 intestinal cells.
- Authors
Ho, S. S. L.; Pal, S.
- Abstract
Background - Several studies in humans have demonstrated the hypocholesterolemic effect of plant sterol consumption. It is unclear whether plant sterols regulate lipoprotein production and secretion from the liver and intestines, thereby decreasing the levels of circulating atherogenic lipoproteins. Objective - To investigate the effect of the three main phytosterols: stigmasterol, campesterol, and β-sitosterol on lipoprotein production in HepG2 human liver cells and Caco2 human intestinal cells and the mechanisms involved. Design - HepG2 and Caco2 cells were incubated for 24 h with 50 µM of the different phytosterols or 10 µM of atorvastatin. VLDL [measured by apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100)] levels in HepG2 cells and chylomicron [measured by apolipoprotein B48 (apoB48)] levels in Caco2 cells were measured using western blotting. Intracellular cholesterol levels were measured using gas chromatography. Analysis was carried out using student's t-test and ANOVA. Outcomes - Secretion levels of apoB100 were significantly decreased by approximately 30% after incubation with all plant sterols compared to control. In addition, cholesterol ester concentrations were significantly decreased when HepG2 cells were incubated with stigmasterol, campesterol, and β-sitosterol compared to control cells. Secretion of apoB48 from intestinal cells was significantly decreased by 15% with stigmasterol, 16% with campesterol and 19% β-sitosterol compared to control. Conclusions - Collectively the data suggests that plant sterols limit lipid (cholesterol ester) availability in cells leading to increased degradation of apoB100 in HepG2 liver cells and apoB48 in Caco2 intestinal cells. This results in decreased production of VLDL from the liver and chylomicrons from the intestine, precursors of LDL and chylomicron remnants, respectively. These results suggest that consumption of plant sterols would decrease numbers of the atherogenic lipoproteins LDL and chylomicron remnants, thereby reducing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
- Publication
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004, Vol 13, pS68
- ISSN
0964-7058
- Publication type
Academic Journal