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- Title
Assessment of physico-chemical properties, fatty acid, amino acid and mineral profile of bee pollen from India with a multivariate perspective.
- Authors
THAKUR, MAMTA; NANDA, VIKAS
- Abstract
For the first time, the bee pollen samples from Northern, North-Western and South-Western regions of India were examined for botanical origin, physico-chemical properties, fatty acid, amino acid and mineral profile. The palynological analysis identified six botanical families among which Arecaceae, Apiaceae and Brassicaceae were predominant. The physico-chemical studies found the bee pollen from all floral sources to comply with the framework of international (Brazilian, Argentinean and Swiss) regulations. The surprisingly high amounts of ω-3 fatty acids were disclosed with first-ever detection of eicosatrienoic acid, γ-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, heptadecenoic acid, petroselinic acid and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, establishing them as chemical markers of bee pollen from the regions under study. The amino acid analysis verified the bee pollen as a source of high-quality protein as they contained by 11 % more essential amino acids than FAO reference protein. The mineral composition showed exceptionally high levels of iron (243 mg·kg-1), i.e. more than double of FAO recommended iron intake for adults. Principal component analysis showed more than 86 % of variance in first four principal components and strong negative correlation was recorded between ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids (r = -0·98). Hierarchical cluster analysis categorized all bee pollen samples successfully.
- Publication
Journal of Food & Nutrition Research, 2018, Vol 57, Issue 4, p328
- ISSN
1336-8672
- Publication type
Academic Journal