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- Title
Development and Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Vitamin D intake among Urban Pregnant Women in Malaysia.
- Authors
Zaleha, M. I.; Khadijah, S.; Bukhary, I. B. Noriklil; Khor, G. L.; Zaleha, A. M.; Haslinda, H.; Hana, Y. Noor Sharifatul; Hasanain Faisal, G.
- Abstract
Introduction: A culturally valid tool is lacking in order to assess vitamin D intake among Malaysians. This study aimed to develop and determine the validity and reliability of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessment of vitamin D intake among pregnant women living in urban areas of Malaysia. Methods: A total of 79 volunteer mothers (aged 18 to 40 years) in their fi rst trimester of pregnancy participated in this study voluntarily. They completed both the 3-day 24-hour dietary recalls (3DR) and semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires (FFQ1). The FFQ1 was validated against vitamin D intake calculated from the 3DR. After one week, 41 (51.89%) subjects completed the same FFQ1 (now called FFQ2) for reliability assessment. Results: The median vitamin D intake from 3DR was 117.6 IU/day with an interquartile range (IQR) of 54.8 to 193.7 IU/ day. The median and IQR values from FFQ1 were 147.7 and 103.7 to 233.9 IU/ day, respectively. The Spearman correlation coeffi cient was strong and positive, r=0.810 (p=0.01); cross-classifi cation analyses revealed no misclassifi cation and the Bland-Altman plot showed good agreement between the two dietary methods. The intra-class correlation (ICC) for reliability of vitamin D intake was 0.98; the cross-classifi cation analysis showed 95.12% and was classifi ed into the same quartile which supported a consistent habitual eating pattern. Conclusion: The new FFQ developed to assess vitamin D intake showed high correlation and high agreement with the majority of the sample population classifi ed into the same quartile. It is concluded that the new FFQ is a valid and reliable screening tool for vitamin D intake for pregnant women in the urban areas of Malaysia.
- Publication
Malaysian Journal of Nutrition, 2015, Vol 21, Issue 2, p179
- ISSN
1394-035X
- Publication type
Academic Journal