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- Title
Alterations in β-Cell Calcium Dynamics and Efficacy Outweigh Islet Mass Adaptation in Compensation of Insulin Resistance and Prediabetes Onset.
- Authors
Chunguang Chen; Chmelova, Helena; Cohrs, Christian M.; Chouinard, Julie A.; Jahn, Stephan R.; Stertmann, Julia; Uphues, Ingo; Speier, Stephan; Chen, Chunguang
- Abstract
Emerging insulin resistance is normally compensated by increased insulin production of pancreatic β-cells, thereby maintaining normoglycemia. However, it is unclear whether this is achieved by adaptation of β-cell function, mass, or both. Most importantly, it is still unknown which of these adaptive mechanisms fail when type 2 diabetes develops. We performed longitudinal in vivo imaging of β-cell calcium dynamics and islet mass of transplanted islets of Langerhans throughout diet-induced progression from normal glucose homeostasis, through compensation of insulin resistance, to prediabetes. The results show that compensation of insulin resistance is predominated by alterations of β-cell function, while islet mass only gradually expands. Hereby, functional adaptation is mediated by increased calcium efficacy, which involves Epac signaling. Prior to prediabetes, β-cell function displays decreased stimulated calcium dynamics, whereas islet mass continues to increase through prediabetes onset. Thus, our data reveal a predominant role of islet function with distinct contributions of triggering and amplifying pathway in the in vivo processes preceding diabetes onset. These findings support protection and recovery of β-cell function as primary goals for prevention and treatment of diabetes and provide insight into potential therapeutic targets.
- Publication
Diabetes, 2016, Vol 65, Issue 9, p2676
- ISSN
0012-1797
- Publication type
Academic Journal
- DOI
10.2337/db15-1718