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- Title
Long Term Exercise in First Degree Relatives Improves Insulin Signaling in Adipose Tissue.
- Authors
Jessen, Niels; ØStergÅRd, Torben; Lihn, Aina; Pedersen, Steen B.; Lund, Sten; Schmitz, Ole
- Abstract
Insulin resistance precedes the onset of type 2 diabetes, and interventions aimed at improving insulin sensitivity prevent the development of the disease in high risk populations. Exercise is thus a key component in the prevention of diabetes. Adipose tissue has in the recent years been recognized as an important regulator of whole body insulin sensitivity, and while exercise training obviously has major effects directly on skeletal muscle it may also modulate insulin sensitivity through effects on adipose tissue. First degree relatives to patients with diabetes (FDR) are insulin resistant and in high risk of developing the disease. FDR and age and weight matched controls participated in a 10 week aerobic exercise program. This program resulted in improved insulin sensitivity in both groups assessed by a hyperinsuliemic euglycemic clamp (increase in M value: 9.3% and 11.4% in FDR and controls respectively). Insulin signaling was assessed in subcutaneous fat biopsies taken before and after exercise and during basal and clamp conditions. Akt phosphorylation was increased after training in both FDR and controls (∼50% increase in insulin stimulation in both groups). A similar trend was seen with insulin activation of ERK1 and 2, however, not statistically significant. Exercise training also increased mRNA levels for PGC1 ∼2 fold in adipose tissue from both groups, but while protein levels for GLUT4 were reduced in FDR no increase with exercise training was observed. Interestingly, mRNA levels for RBP4 increased ∼3 fold after training in both groups and these data do therefore not support the role of RBP4 as a negative regulator of insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, 10 weeks aerobic exercise training of FDR and matched control persons increased whole body insulin sensitivity. In addition to well known effects on whole body metabolism this was associated with increased insulin signaling and increased PGC-1 levels in adipose tissue. Improved insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue may therefore be a contributing factor to the beneficial effects of exercise in high risk populations.
- Publication
Diabetes, 2007, Vol 56, pA364
- ISSN
0012-1797
- Publication type
Academic Journal