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- Title
Clinical patterns of pediatric urolithiasis - a 4 year experience of a single center from south eastern Poland.
- Authors
WIECZORKIEWICZ-PŁAZA, Anna; BIENIAŚ, Beata; KUSZ, Monika; KALICKA-ŻUK, Karolina; SIKORA, Przemysław
- Abstract
The incidence of nephrolithiasis (NL) in children has been rising in recent years. Children with stone disease have high risk of stone recurrence therefore risk assessment and metabolic evaluation should always be performed. The aim of our study was to analyze clinical data of patients with urolithiasis (UL). We have reviewed medical records of 175 children aged 2.7-18 years with UL admitted to Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin. The patients were reviewed for the past medical history, family background, age at diagnosis, initial clinical symptoms and demographic data. In 140 children metabolic assessment was performed after the first episode of UL. The most common clinical manifestation of UL was abdominal pain (75.4% of patients) usually with nausea, vomiting and hematuria. Asymptomatic hematuria and urinary tract infections were seldom observed. A positive family history of UL was found in almost half of children. Predisposing metabolic factors were found in 116 children (82.9%). Among them the most frequent abnormality was hypomagnesuria accounting for 44 (37.9%) of patients. Hyperoxaluria was noted in 40 (34.5%), hypercalciuria (HC) in 38 patients (32.8%) and hypocitraturia in 24 (20.7%) of patients. The foregoing metabolic risk factors were present as single abnormality in 82 patients (70.7%) whereas 34 patients (29.3%) presented two of them. Stones obtained from 68 children in 89.7% were composed of calcium oxalate. The present study had provided important information on metabolic abnormalities among pediatric stone formers. Our report showed that lithogenesis inhibitors deficiencies are the most common metabolic abnormalities as important as typical risk factors such as HC or hyperoxaluria. The evaluation of UL in children differs from that of adults and requires metabolic examinations, family history and environmental risk assessment. There is a need to investigate potential risk factors so that appropriate preventive treatment can be introduced.
- Publication
Review of Medicine / Przeglad Lekarski, 2019, Vol 76, Issue 5, p261
- ISSN
0033-2240
- Publication type
Academic Journal