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- Title
Impact of childhood vaccination on deaths in the 20<sup>th</sup> century in the US.
- Authors
Paternina-Caicedo, Angel; Smith, Adrian D.; De la Hoz-Restrepo, Fernando; García-Calavaro, Christian; Buchanich, Jeanine
- Abstract
Introduction: Vaccination is one of the most effective public health interventions reducing illness and death since it was first used. Objective: To quantify the decline in mortality and the improvement of life expectancy at birth due to vaccination against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, measles, and polio in the 20th century in the United States. Materials and methods: We collected data on cause- and age-specific mortality since 1900 for the United States. We estimated the contribution of each disease to mortality by calculating mortality rates and lost life expectancies attributable to each disease every year and expected deaths in the absence of vaccination to estimate the reduction in observed mortality in the presence of vaccination using a Bayesian structural time-series regression model with 95% credible intervals (CI). Results: Diphtheria, polio, and measles reported no deaths in 2015 compared to 10,481, 1,469, and 3,852, deaths in 1900, respectively. These five diseases caused 8.74% of all deaths in children under-5 years old in 1900 and 0.02% in 2015. The percentage of life expectancy at birth lost due to these diseases was 2.67% in 1900 and 0.05% in 2015. We found an 88% (95% CI, 74 to 95) adjusted reduction of mortality of pertussis, 89% (95% CI, 31 to 99) for polio, an 81% (95% CI, 48 to 97) for diphtheria, and non-significant reductions of tetanus and measles. Discussion: Diphtheria, pertussis, and polio had a significant reduction in diseasespecific mortality after mass vaccination in the United States. Efforts and investments to support vaccination should continue there and worldwide.
- Publication
Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud, 2021, Vol 41, p97
- ISSN
0120-4157
- Publication type
Academic Journal