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- Title
Trends in mortality by neighbourhood income in urban Canada from 1971 to 1996.
- Authors
Wilkins, Russell; Berthelot, Jean-Marie; Ng, Edward
- Abstract
Objectives: This article describes changes in income-related differences in mortality in Canada from 1971 to 1996, including trends by specific causes of death. Data source: Death registration and population data for residents of census metropolitan areas (CMAs) were obtained from the Canadian Mortality Data Base and population censuses for 1971, 1986, 1991, and 1996. The death data were then coded to census tract (CT), and institutional residents were identified (for exclusion). Analytical techniques: Within each CMA, the non-institutional population and deaths were grouped into neighbourhood income quintiles on the basis of the CT percentage of population below Canada's low-income cut-offs. Life expectancy at birth, probability of survival to age 75, potential years of life lost (PYLL), and income-related excess PYLL before age 75 were calculated, as were age-specific mortality rates and age- standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) for major causes of death. Main results: From 1971 to 1996, differences in life expectancy between the richest and poorest income quintiles of urban Canada diminished by well over 1 year for each sex (from 6.3 to 5.0 years for males, and from 2.8 to 1.6 years for females). Inter-quintile differences in infant mortality declined by 7 per thousand (76%). The rate of income-related excess potential years of life lost (PYLL) before age 75 diminished by 35%. By 1996 the major causes of death contributing to excess PYLL were circulatory diseases, injuries, neoplasms, and infectious diseases. For most causes of death (notably ischemic heart disease, most injuries, cirrhosis of the liver, and perinatal conditions), socio-economic disparities in mortality diminished markedly over time. However, some causes of death (such as lung cancer, prostate cancer and suicide for males, and breast cancer for females) showed little change, while a few (lung cancer for females, and infectious diseases, mental disorders and diabetes for both sexes) showed cl... INSETS: Methods;Restrictions and coding to CT and quintile;Other studies on socio-economic differentials in circulatory . .;Differential vulnerability to lung cancer among smokers, and . .
- Publication
Health Reports, 2002, Vol 13, p45
- ISSN
0840-6529
- Publication type
Academic Journal