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- Title
Cannabinoids and the challenges of new synthetic derivatives.
- Authors
Alexinschi, Ovidiu; Sirițeanu, Andrei; Boloș, Alexandra
- Abstract
Of all illicit psychoactive substances, cannabis is the most widely consumed drug (4% of the world’s population, annually). Since 2004, we have been dealing with a new major international problem, represented by cheap synthetic cannabinoids with an extremely diverse chemical structure that are not regulated by law. In recent years, a new chapter dedicated to semi-synthetic cannabinoids has appeared in response to legislative reforms in the US. HHC, HHC-O, HHC-P and H4CBD are only some of the drugs in this new class. The “Dream Factory” file (over 100,000 vaping devices and edibles that contained semi-synthetic cannabinoids sold to the general population in Romania) is an excellent example of legal and regulatory deficiencies regarding new psychoactive substances consumption. From the studies available and anecdotal reports from consumers, HHC provides the sensation of pleasure and relaxation, similar to the natural analogue (THC-like effects). In vitro testing of the affinity of Δ9-THCP (semi-synthetic cannabinoid) for CB1 demonstrated a 30-fold higher value than Δ9-THC, which means a higher potency and risk of adverse effects. The use of synthetic cannabinoids is correlated with a higher incidence of psychotic disorders (acute/transient, persistent/chronic “spiceophrenia” or relapses/exacerbations of preexisting psychotic disorders). Like other new psychoactive substances, semi-synthetic and synthetic cannabinoids cannot be detected using standard toxicology tests. Only liquid or gas chromatography mass spectrometry can be used for these drugs (LC-MS/ GC-MS). The treatment of intoxication is nonspecific, supportive and symptomatic, preferably multidisciplinary. Taking into account the availability and consumption trends in Romania, the identification and monitoring of semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds represent a legal, pharmacological and toxicological challenge. Sustained efforts to investigate HHC and related semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds are needed to better describe these molecules and to be able to train medical personnel to address the disorders caused by these new substances. The health risks are still unknown, and severe adverse effects, accidents and fatal overdoses can occur.
- Publication
Psihiatru.ro, 2023, Vol 75, Issue 4, p16
- ISSN
1841-4877
- Publication type
Academic Journal
- DOI
10.26416/psih.75.4.2023.8927