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- Title
The occurrence of phi in dento-facial beauty of fine art from antiquity through the Renaissance.
- Authors
Wiener, R. Constance; Wiener Pla, Regina M.
- Abstract
Abstract: External beauty is a complex construct that influences lives and may be impacted by dentists. Beauty is not easily quantified, but one cited anthropometric of beauty is the ratio phi, the number1.618033(…). This study examinedphi as a measure of female frontal facial beauty in classic Western art, using pre-Renaissance (N = 30), and Renaissance (N = 30) artwork. Four horizontal and fivevertical ratios were determined in the works of art, which were then compared with the phi ratio.All horizontal ratios for both pre-Renaissance and Renaissance artwork were similar to each other, but did not contain the phi ratio (P < 0.001). Nevertheless,all vertical ratios for pre-Renaissanceand Renaissance art-work did contain the phi ratio within their confidence intervals with the exception of the verticalratio, "intereye point to soft tissue menton/intereye point to stomion," that was found to be less than phi in the Renaissance group.The study provides evidence of the presence of the phi ratio in vertical aspect of females in art work from pre-Renaissance through the Renaissance demonstrating consistent temporal preferences. Therefore, the phi ratio seems to be an important consideration in altering vertical facial dimensions in full mouthre habilitation and reconstructive orthognathic surgery involving females.(Eur J Esthet Dent 2012;7:440-452)
- Publication
European Journal of Esthetic Dentistry, 2012, Vol 7, Issue 4, p410
- ISSN
1862-0612
- Publication type
Academic Journal